Can't join servers with some mods and some mods don't work for me

When adding mods, for example, client mods, they don't show up in the client section but are in the server mods section with the title "Workshop - ####". Same goes for some of the server mods. Similarly, when I try to join my friend's server with some mods enabled, it doesn't connect with the error message "Disconnected Due To Missing Mods". 

To clarify, when I say "some mods" I mean some work and some don't. About half don't. And these are mods which do work for other people. 

In the screenshots you'll see that there's a mod update available, but if I click "update" it updates and everything's the same, with the update still available.

I've tried to reinstall the game, verify files, verified that the antivirus is not the problem, disabled all mods. But nothing seems to work.